What does the term "hyperpigmentation" indicate?

Hyperpigmentation refers to darker patches of skin that occur due to an overproduction of melanin, the pigment responsible for giving skin its color. Conditions such as sun exposure, hormonal changes, or skin injuries can trigger this excess melanin production, resulting in localized areas of darker skin. This phenomenon is commonly observed in scenarios such as age spots, melasma, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation after acne or injury. Understanding hyperpigmentation is crucial for estheticians in order to provide appropriate treatments and educate clients about skin health.

The other options do not accurately describe hyperpigmentation; they refer to different skin conditions or characteristics. Excess moisture in the skin pertains to hydration levels, lighter patches of skin indicate hypopigmentation (a decrease in melanin), and increased oiliness relates to sebum production, none of which align with the definition of hyperpigmentation.